X-Ray Fluorescence- based comparative assessment of mineral element composition in Avena sativa, Eruca sativa, Salvia officinalis, and Trigonella foenum-graecum L.

Shahad Imad Hameed 1, * and Rayaheen Mohammed Tamkeen 2

1 Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
2 College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
* Corresponding Author
ORCID Details
Rayaheen Mohammed Tamkeen: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2880-6626
 
Research Article
International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive, 2026, 12(01), 208–214.
Article DOI: 10.53771/ijbpsa.2026.12.1.0088
Publication history: 
Received on 27 August 2026; revised on 10 September 2026; accepted on 12 September 2026
 
Abstract: 
In order to identify natural remedies for mineral deficiency, this study compared the nutritional value of four plants: Avena sativa, Eruca sativa, Salvia officinalis, and Trigonella foenum-graecum L. using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. The plants were obtained from Baghdad, Iraq, and were washed and dried before use. The XRF analysis was conducted to evaluate the contents of the mineral nutrients that are present in these plants, which were 10 mineral oxides classified as major oxides: CaO, K₂O, SiO₂, P₂O₅, MgO, and SO₃, and minor oxides: MnO, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, and I. These concentrations were expressed as %. The results demonstrated that Salvia officinalis contains the highest concentrations of these minerals, followed by Eruca sativa, Trigonella foenum, and then Avena sativa. These variations in the mineral accumulation may be attributed to the plant parts, genotypes, and the environmental conditions. In conclusion, the results indicate that XRF is consider a quick method for measuring the mineral concentrations of therapeutic plants.
 
Keywords: 
Avena Sativa, Eruca Sativa, Salvia officinalis, Trigonella Foenum‐Graecum L, XRF.
 
Full text article in PDF: 

Click here

 
Copyright information: 
Copyright © 2026 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0